Biological synopsis of the compound sea squirt (Diplosoma listerianum) / by A.B. Mackenzie.: Fs97-4/2966E-PDF

"Diplosoma listerianum, commonly known as the compound sea squirt, is thought to be native to Europe. The species has achieved a nearly cosmopolitan distribution and was recorded in Atlantic Canadian waters in 2008 off the Magdalen Islands. The main vector for its introduction is through hull fouling. This colonial ascidian has many attributes which make it a successful invader, including its high recruitment rate and ability to migrate after settling. Following its introduction to new habitats, this ascidian rapidly dominates over native species, resulting in species composition shifts and reduced biodiversity. Colonies expand through asexual reproduction, and disperse through sexually produced lecithotrophic larvae. The species can tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions, but thrives in warmer waters. Events such as urban development and fishing create disturbances on the seafloor which facilitate the successful establishment of D. listerianum. General control methods have been successful for similar species and need to be studied for potential infestations of Diplosoma listerianum. This biological synopsis was prepared as a comprehensive collection of information"--Abstract, page v.

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